Understanding Childhood Obesity through Local Authority Perspective: A Qualitative Systems Mapping Study
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Authors
Denise Ndlovu
Cornelia Guell
Rajalakshmi Lakshman
James Nobles
Oliver Mytton
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Issue Date
06-May-26
Type
Conference Abstract
Language
Keywords
Neighbourhood health & place-based working , Working with people and communities
Alternative Title
Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity remains a major public health challenge. Although system maps of childhood obesity exist, no peer-reviewed maps have specifically focused on the aspects of the system that fall within the remit of local authority governance or have been developed specifically from the perspective of local.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to visualise the causes of childhood obesity which local authorities can influence to better understand the modifiable factors that are generalisable across local authorities in England and help guide efforts to prevent childhood obesity.
Method: Two literature reviews were undertaken to develop a preliminary systems map on causal factors for childhood obesity. This map was then validated and refined through semi-structured interviews with 25 stakeholders (local authority officers, individuals working with local authorities and academic experts).
Results: The final systems map reflected the causes of childhood obesity that local authorities can influence directly or indirectly. Thirty-four factors were arranged into six subsystems: (1) physical activity environments, (2) food access, (3) commercial factors, (4) home and parental influences, (5) psychological and social factors, and (6) political and cultural factors. Seven key feedback loops were identified, highlighting how structural, environmental, and behavioural drivers can reinforce unhealthy patterns or, conversely, be leveraged to promote healthier outcomes.
Discussion/Learning for Wider Community: Grounded in local authority expertise and informed by the evidence base, the map serves as a practical tool to support local authorities in communicating and identifying opportunities for intervention in childhood obesity prevention. Our findings demonstrate the complex and interconnected factors shaping childhood obesity that fall within the governance and influence of local authorities, many of which extend beyond public health services. Further research with local authority officers across different departments is needed to better understand the opportunities and barriers local authorities face in addressing childhood obesity.