Use of Nitrous Oxide During Prostate Biopsies: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate biopsy (PB) is a common diagnostic procedure, typically performed transperineally or transrectally under ultrasound guidance. PB is frequently performed under local anaesthetic in a clinic setting but is associated with significant pain and anxiety for some patients. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an effective, rapidly acting analgesic and anxiolytic, which is routinely used during other clinical procedures. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing N2O to placebo for pain and anxiety management during PB.