Views and Experiences of Dementia in People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research
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Authors
Carter, J
Spector, A
Ali, A
McFeeters, A
Butt, S.
Charlesworth, G
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Issue Date
01/07/2025
Type
Journal Article
Language
Keywords
Community Health
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Abstract
Objective: Stigma in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neurone disease (ALS/MND) may be felt or enacted; felt stigma covers feeling devalued by the illness, whereas enacted stigma refers to being treated differently because of it. Stigma in ALS/MND has been shown to increase social withdrawal, worsen quality of life, and reduce use of assistive devices, so we explored prevalence and factors influencing stigma. Methods</i>: Participants in the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions-ALS study completed scales measuring stigma, fatigue, spasticity, functioning, mood, worry, self-esteem, and perceived health, as well as demographic information and symptoms like head drop or emotional lability. Following transformation to interval-scale estimates, data were analyzed by regression, structural equation modeling, and trajectory models. Results</i>: Stigma was experienced by 83.5% of 1059 respondents. Worry, disease severity (King's stage ≥ 3), emotional lability, fatigue, spasticity, and bulbar onset increase stigma. In contrast, increasing age, living with spouse/partner, and greater self-esteem were associated with reduced stigma. Trajectory analysis over 30 months (N</i> = 1049) showed three groups, the largest (70.2%) had high levels of stigma which significantly increased during follow-up. In a recently diagnosed subset of 347 participants, stigma was experienced early in the disease course (<7 months after diagnosis), and for 77.2% stigma significantly increased over time. Conclusions</i>: Both felt and enacted stigma are frequently perceived by people living with ALS/MND. Younger people and those with bulbar onset, emotional lability, worry, fatigue, and spasticity, or at more advanced clinical stages, are at greater risk.
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Citation
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2025 Jul;69(7):533-545
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Journal
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research
Volume
69
Issue
7