. Lung metastases in patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: an appraisal of the validity of thoracic imaging surveillance
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Authors
Daskalakis, Kosmas
Tsoli, Marina
Srirajaskanthan, Raj
Chatzellis, Eleftherios
Alexandraki, Krystallenia
Angelousi, Anna
Pizanias, Michail
Randeva, Harpal
Kaltsas, Gregory
Weickert, Martin O.
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Issue Date
2019
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Article
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the impact of lung metastases (LM) on overall survival (OS) in well-differentiated (WD) stage IV gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) patients along with developing surveillance strategies for thoracic imaging. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with LM, from 3 centres, were identified (22 small intestine/12 pancreatic; 17 grade 1/15 grade 2/2 of unknown grade). For comparison, we used 106 stage IV WD, grade 1 and 2 GEP-NEN patients with metastatic disease confined in the abdomen. RESULTS: LM prevalence was 4.9% (34/692). Eleven patients (32%) presented with synchronous LM whereas 23 (68%) developed metachronous LM at a median of 25 months (range 1-150 months). Patients with metachronous LM had already established liver and/or para-aortic lymph node metastases. Eighteen of 23 patients (78%) with metachronous LM exhibited concomitant progression in the abdomen. Median OS of WD GEP-NEN patients with LM was shorter than for those with stage IV disease without extra-abdominal metastases (56 [95% CI 40.6-71.6] vs. 122.7 [95% CI 70.7-174.8] months; log-rank p = 0.001). Among patients with progressive stage IV disease, the subset of patients with LM exhibited shorter OS (log-rank p = 0.005). LM were also confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for survival in multivariable analysis (HR 0.18; 95% CI 0.07-0.45; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: LM, although relatively rare in patients with WD stage IV GEP-NENs, may impact patients' outcome. The development of metachronous LM is associated with concomitant disease progression in established abdominal metastases in most patients. These patient-related parameters could be utilized for a stratified surveillance approach, mainly reserving thoracic imaging for GEP-NEN patients with progressive disease in the abdomen.
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Neuroendocrinology
Volume
108
Issue
4