Psychologically relevant patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) for assessment and intervention in pain neuromodulation services

Abstract

Background and aims: Psychologists in Pain Neuromodulation (PiPiN) is a network of UK-based psychologists collaborating to advance psychological aspects of neuromodulation care. Pain management services are advised to collect patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) across various domains, there is no specific guidance on psychologically relevant PROMs, leading to variation. This study aimed to survey current use and inform best practices for PROMs in UK neuromodulation services. Method(s): A 17-item survey, developed by PiPiN, was distributed to 30 neuromodulation services in January 2024, with 18 responses received by March 2024. Data was analysed by members of the working group and a selection of the results presented herein. Result(s): Data was categorized into three themes: (A) PROMs use for eligibility and progress assessment, (B) practicalities of PROMs collection, and (C) qualitative insights. Results revealed that most services use PROMs to assess eligibility, with common tools including mood measures (e.g., PHQ, HADS), pain selfefficacy (PSEQ), and pain catastrophization (PCS). One-third of services do not collect PROMs post-implantation. PROMs collection methods varied widely, involving online, postal, and in-person forms. Psychologists typically managed PROMs administration, though some services shared responsibilities with other staff. Confidence in sourcing PROMs licenses was low, and few centers routinely included PROMs data in correspondence. Qualitative data highlighted motivational challenges affecting patient responses and concerns over measure completion rates. Conclusion(s): The survey underscores the need for harmonized guidance on PROMs selection, collection, and interpretation, aiming to reduce variability and burden while enhancing clinical utility. Clear patient information on PROMs' roles in treatment pathways is also recommended.