Do Shame, Impulsivity and Self-Compassion Predict Variance in Substance Use in Young People?

Abstract

Adolescent substance use is a significant problem in the United Kingdom. The literature suggests that impulsivity and self-esteem predict substance use in young people but less attention has been paid to the role of variables related to self-concept. A total of 672 individuals aged 14–19 (254 girls; 418 boys) participated in a cross-sectional study assessing the role of shame, impulsivity, and self-compassion in predicting alcohol and drug use. Impulsivity and shame predicted alcohol use in girls; in boys self-esteem was also implicated. Impulsivity predicted drug use in girls; no variables were significant in boys. Self-compassion demonstrated no predictive power. The results extend current knowledge by highlighting differences in the ways boys and girls cope with negative affect and suggest that their motivations to use drugs or alcohol may be distinct, or that the effects of use may vary by sex.