Diagnosis, risk stratification, and early management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) represents a unique clinical syndrome, comprising non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina. NSTEMI, as the more common and serious form of NSTE-ACS, is particularly noteworthy because of its diverse clinical presentation, electrocardiogram changes, and angiography findings, which may pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment and may subsequently influence prognosis. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current evidence-based approaches to NSTE-ACS management, focusing on diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment strategies while highlighting emerging trends and ongoing challenges in optimising patient outcomes. Copyright © Europa Group 2025. All rights reserved.