Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists and endocrinologists
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Authors
Maas, Angela H E M
Rosano, Giuseppe
Cifkova, Renata
Chieffo, Alaide
van Dijken, Dorenda
Hamoda, Haitham
Kunadian, Vijay
Laan, Ellen
Lambrinoudaki, Irene
Maclaran, Kate
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Issue Date
2021
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Article
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Abstract
Women undergo important changes in sex hormones throughout their lifetime that can impact cardiovascular disease risk. Whereas the traditional cardiovascular risk factors dominate in older age, there are several female-specific risk factors and inflammatory risk variables that influence a woman's risk at younger and middle age. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and gestational diabetes are associated with a higher risk in younger women. Menopause transition has an additional adverse effect to ageing that may demand specific attention to ensure optimal cardiovascular risk profile and quality of life. In this position paper, we provide an update of gynaecological and obstetric conditions that interact with cardiovascular risk in women. Practice points for clinical use are given according to the latest standards from various related disciplines (Figure 1).
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Journal
European Heart Journal
Volume
42
Issue
10